History of British Literature

Late Medieval Period fourteenth Century British Literature fourteenth and fifteenth were time of change from feudalism to pre-mechanical time. A period of political, social and ideological clashes; England was in war with France (the multi year war 1337-1453 Edward’s guarantee to the French seat and endeavor to bring England, Gascony and Flanders under bound together political control). The thrashings in France lead to extending the inside emergency. The decrease in farming along with the ascent in the populace brought about incessant starvations and helped the spread during the fourteenth c. of the â€Å"Black Death†. 381 †The Peasants’ Revolt. Culture: by fifteenth century England had become a country with the feeling of isolated personality and indigenous culture 1362-English turned into the official language in court and was likewise utilized in schools. 14thc. seen the main unique abstract works written in English. Center English writing English writing of the medieval period, c. 1100 to c. 1500. Foundation The Norman success of England in 1066 generally means the start of 200 years of the mastery of French in English letters. French social strength, also, was general in Europe at this time.French language and culture supplanted English in gracious court society and effectsly affected English culture. In any case, the local convention endure, albeit minimal thirteenth century, and even less twelfth century, vernacular writing is surviving, since a large portion of it was transmitted orally. Somewhat English Saxon divided into a few lingos and step by step developed into Middle English, which, regardless of an admixture of French, is verifiably English. By the mid-fourteenth penny. , Middle English had gotten the artistic just as the communicated in language of England. The Early PeriodSeveral sonnets in early Middle English are surviving. The Orrmulum (c. 1200), a stanza interpretation of parts of the Gospels, is of phonetic a nd prosodic as opposed to artistic intrigue. Of roughly the equivalent date, The Owl and the Nightingaleâ (see separate article) is the principal model in English of theâ debat,â a mainstream mainland structure; in the sonnet, the owl, carefully religious and instructional, and the songbird, a free and desirous common soul, charmingly banter the temperances of their particular lifestyles. The Thirteenth Century Middle English composition of the thirteenth penny. ontinued in the custom of Anglo-Saxon composition? instructional, educational, and coordinated toward common individuals as opposed to considerate society. The â€Å"Katherine Group† (c. 1200), including three holy people's lives, is normal. The Ancren Riwle(c. 1200) is a manual for forthcoming anchoresses; it was extremely well known, and it significantly affected the exposition of the thirteenth and fourteenth penny. The way that there was no French writing custom was critical to the conservation of the Eng lish exposition convention. In the thirteenth penny. theâ romance, a significant mainland story section structure, was presented in England.It drew from three rich wellsprings of character and experience: the legends of Charlemagne, the legends of old Greece and Rome, and the British legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Layamon's Brut, a late thirteenth century metrical sentiment (an interpretation from the French), denotes the principal appearance of Arthurian issue in English (see Arthurian legend). Unique English sentiments dependent on indigenous material include King Horn and Havelok the Dane, both thirteenth century works that hold components of the Anglo-Saxon brave tradition.However, French sentiments, remarkably the Arthurian sentiments of Chretien de Troyes, were definitely more compelling than their English partners. In England French sentiments promoted thoughts of experience and courage very in spite of those of Anglo-Saxon courageous writing and were illustrative of completely various qualities and tastes. Beliefs ofâ courtly love, along with its detailed habits and customs, supplanted those of the gallant code; experience and accomplishments of boldness were sought after for the knight's woman instead of for the legend's respect or the wonder of his inborn king.Continental stanza structures dependent on measurements and rhyme supplanted the Anglo-Saxon alliterative line in Middle English verse (with the significant special case of the fourteenth century alliterative recovery). Many French scholarly structures additionally got famous, among them theâ fabliau; the exemplum, or good story; the creature tale; and the fantasy vision. The mainland metaphorical custom, which got from old style writing, is exemplified by the Roman de la Rose, which strongly affected English writing. Medieval works of writing regularly focus on a mainstream logical figure, for example, theâ ubi sunt,â which comments on the certain ty? nd bitterness? of progress, misfortune, and passing; and theâ cursor mundi,â which bothers the vanity of human loftiness. A 15,000-line thirteenth century English sonnet, the Cursor Mundi,â retells mankind's history (I. e. , the medieval variant? scriptural in addition to traditional story) from the perspective its title infers. Various thirteenth century mainstream and strict Middle English verses are surviving, including the exuberant Sumer Is Icumen In, however like Middle English writing as a rule, theâ lyricâ reached its fullest bloom during the second 50% of the fourteenth penny. Verses proceeded with mainstream in the fifteenth penny. from which time theâ balladâ also dates. The Fourteenth Century The verse of the alliterative recovery (seeâ alliteration), the unexplained reappearance of the Anglo-Saxon refrain structure in the fourteenth penny. , remembers probably the best verse for Middle English. The Christian allegory The Pearl (see separate article ) is a sonnet of incredible complexity and reasonableness that is important on a few representative levels. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,â by the equivalent mysterious creator, is likewise of high artistic modernity, and its insight, distinctiveness, and emblematic intrigue render it perhaps the best Arthurian sonnet in English.Other significant alliterative sonnets are the ethical allegory Piers Plowman,â attributed to William Langland, and the alliterative Morte Arthur,â which, as almost all English verse until the mid-fourteenth penny. , was unknown. Crafted by Geoffrey Chaucer mark the splendid zenith of Middle English writing. Chaucer's The Canterbury Talesâ are stories revealed to one another by pioneers? who include a bright cross area of fourteenth century English society? on their way to the holy place at Canterbury. The stories are thrown into a wide range of refrain structures and classes and all in all investigate practically every noteworthy medieval theme.Chaucer's insightful and accommodating work likewise enlightens the full extent of medieval idea. Dominated by Chaucer yet of some note are crafted by John Gower. The Fifteenth Century: The fifteenth penny. isn't recognized in English letters, due partially to the social disengagement brought about by the drawn out Wars of the Roses. Of the numerous fifteenth century imitators of Chaucer the most popular are John Lydgate and Thomas Hoccleve. Different artists of the time incorporate Stephen Hawes and Alexander Barclay and the Scots artists William Dunbar, Robert Henryson, and Gawin Douglas.The verse of John Skelton, which is for the most part satiric, joins medieval and Renaissance components. William Caxton introduced printing to England in 1475 and in 1485 printed Sir Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur. This composition work, written in the nightfall ofâ chivalry, throws the Arthurian stories into sound structure and perspectives them with a mind fulness that they speak to an evaporating lifestyle. Theâ miracle play, a long pattern of short plays dependent on scriptural scenes, was well known all through the Middle Ages in England. Theâ morality play, a symbolic show focusing on the battle for man's spirit, started in the fifteenth cent.The best of the class is Everyman. English Society in the fourteenth Century Summary:  The Canterbury Tales is set in fourteenth-century London, one of the medieval period's incredible focuses of trade and culture. In England as of now, society was still carefully requested, with the King and aristocrats having all force in things political and the Catholic Church having all expert in otherworldly issues. English Society in the fourteenth Century The Canterbury Tales, composed by Geoffrey Chaucer, is perceived as the primary book of verse written in the English language.This is on the grounds that verse was frequently written in Italian or Latin not English, even authors from England w rote in different dialects since English was viewed as low class and disgusting, yet after Chaucer's compositions were distributed they turned into a perceived and genuine work. The Canterbury Tales gives current perusers a decision making ability of language in the fourteenth century as it additionally gives a rich, explained woven artwork of medieval public activity, joining components everything being equal, from aristocrats to laborers, from clerics and nuns to boozers and thieves.The perspective on the Canterbury Tales being held up as an exact impression of English society in the fourteenth century is fundamentally right, since they were appended to the congregation and convictions and the way they all demonstration in the Tales shows how they truly were a general public of the Church. â€Å"The Canterbury Tales is set in fourteenth-century London, one of the medieval period's extraordinary focuses of trade and culture. In England right now, society was still carefully reques ted, with the King and aristocrats having all force in things political and the Catholic Church having all expert in otherworldly matters.However, exchange and business with different countries had extended drastically in this century, offering ascend to another and exceptionally vocal white collar class involved vendors, brokers, retailers, and gifted skilled workers. † The story begins with a general introduction that gives an all encompassing perspective on society England starts the period with wars, turmoil, and nearly chao

Genre free essay sample

Do you I don't get Genre's meaning? As indicated by Dilatory. Com (2005) It Is a class or classification of imaginative undertaking having a specific structure, content strategy, or like: the class of epic verse; the class of musical music. Type has various classifications; these incorporate Blues, Classical, Country, Electronic, Folk, Jazz, New Age, Reggae and Rock. Rock, D. (2011). We, Filipinos likewise have our own category.Do you what it is? Gotten it right, its MOM (Original Filipino Music). Mother is anything that is performed by a Filipino craftsman. Studded. Com (2011) There are likewise new sorts that advanced on the year 2012. On the rundown are Drill, Trap, Hipster House, Ratchet, Queer Rap, Tumble-wave and Sea punk. Wagner, D (2012) Yes, they have peculiar names. Craftsmen will in general analysis and create new classifications so anticipate each year with growing sorts of incredible contrasts. Who couldnt make music without artists behind It?With their names, who wouldnt realize these male craftsmen like Tingle Temper, Tall Cruz, WIZ Shall, Bullet, Akin, Justine Bibber, Mine, Bruno Mars Unripe Meaningless and usher? OK, M. We will compose a custom exposition test on Type or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page (2012) How about songstresses Like Eek$ha, Jennifer Lopez, Beyond, Adele, Brittany Spears, Iranian, Taylor Swift, Kathy Perry, Shakier and Lady Gaga would they say they are natural? Alright, M. (2012) These commotion producers cleared their approach to music industry and are currently outline toppers including new names like One Direction, Cheer Lloyd, David Choc,Siren Limo and numerous more.I wager you can name melodies made by referenced craftsmen. Since we are discussing music, what would music be able to do to its audience members, significant adolescents? It can just wind up into 2 outcomes, the great and the terrible outcome. Looking on the splendid side, it can associate two individuals of similar endeavors. A case of it is Mine, a rapper. He for the most part tells his own difficulties by rapping It. Individuals who hear it out and are stuck at a similar circumstance can relate and the melody Itself can offer would like to the audience members. Then again, It likewise has Its negatively.For Instances, rapper, WIZ Shall shares a tune that portrays medications and Intercourse, without staying alert that there are audience members with age bunches beneath 13 it can impact them. It can emit the inclination to utilize medicates and amplify self images which is an awful thing. Whatever the message of the melody, fortunate or unfortunate, it winds up to the audience members psyche and influence them. Miriam, S. (2012) Besides Psychological impacts, music has its medical advantages. One of its advantages is torment the board. Music is an ideal method to redirect your consideration regarding torment. Another is that it can lessen pressure. Tuning in to quiet and alleviating music can be a straightforward method to assuage pressure. It can likewise help ones resistant framework. Research shows that on the off chance that one tunes in to drama music it can control fringe invulnerable framework. On the off chance that one listens nervous and dynamic music, it very well may be ones support to do work out. A case of this is the point at which one tunes in to music and Jives with the beat, practice Is now done. You think singing cradlesongs around evening time Is childs, well reconsider. Music can advance rest and narcotics particularly that light and moderate music. Class free article test Wrongdoing fiction is a various and engaging type. It is its interesting ability to develop and rise above relevant hindrances to suit changing ideal models that has guaranteed its ubiquity all through time. Specifically, wrongdoing fiction has themes, for example, the reclamation of request, great defeating malevolent, human instinct and the finish of equity. Be that as it may, it is the disruption of these shows which represent the ease of the wrongdoing fiction sort, and in this way, its different and engaging nature.The degree of this can be investigated in Michael Ondaatje’s Anil’s Ghost, Marele Day’s The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender and The Big Sleep, coordinated by Howard Hawke. Anil’s Ghost presents a post current magical recognition story, holding an equivocal impression of the real world. The content undercuts a significant number of the shows of the class, especially the end result, grasping parts of postmodernism and obscuring the unmistakable highlights of the class that outcomes in a novel of verse and graceful highlights. We will compose a custom article test on Kind or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The insightful figures, ‘pseudo-detectives’ Anil, quite female, and Sarath, work outside the law in the strictest mystery to research as opposed to illuminate a wrongdoing where the accumulation of proof is a recorded and logical procedure. There is a reasonable unraveling of the wrongdoing, with dependence on levelheaded interrelation. In addition, as conventional investigators and sleuths for the most part have a level of power, in Anil’s Ghost this isn't the situation, as uncovered by the announcement â€Å"doors that ought to be open are shut. † Ondaatje’s political remark and Anil’s look for truth upsets a large number of the shows of wrongdoing fiction.Through postmodern qualities, Ondaatje speaks to the changing qualities and perspectives of the world that incorporate dismissal of a â€Å"absolute truth†-reflected in the text’s determination that sidesteps a feeling of equity and conclusion, as the setting of Sri Lanka mak es this unimaginable. The content presents mankind in a contemporary setting, the political strife of Sri Lanka, a socially instructional novel which endeavors to recognize the casualty as opposed to the killer, where wrongdoing centers around an a lot bigger scope than run of the mill wrongdoing fiction writings. This represents the assorted idea of this genre.The content does, in any case, look after shows, for example, through Anil’s hard-bubbled outside, manly and run of the mill investigator characteristics, for example, speedy reasoning, mind and genius. Defilement is likewise apparent; the rot and doubt of the legislature is exemplified through abhorrent violations, for example, Gunesena, the truck driver that Anil and Sarath discover killed to the street. Puzzle, albeit still present, takes a minor position-the mystery idea of the war and the general doubt and pressure between the characters makes an environment of suspense.Rather, the riddle is utilized as a vehicle for different core inte rests. It permits different social critiques on the annihilation of war, of the Sri Lankan culture and of its qualities. Through these, we are given knowledge into a general public very unique to our own. The complexity of Anil’s phantom and the procedures Odaantje utilized recorded as a hard copy it depict why this content is engaging. The incoherent style of composing and nonattendance of consecutive rationale sees this post current content push the limits of wrongdoing fiction.Ondaatje utilizes divided, layered and moving voices to make levels inside the content †hushed into a tasteful climate yet is broken by the breaking of the story. He additionally utilizes striking lovely language â€Å"Sleeping in the wards, he could be just a single appendage of a huge animal, connected to others by the track of noises† and Sinhalenese words, for example, â€Å"bajaj, doya reddha† which add validness to the novel, making it progressively liquid and convincing. Method in The Big Sleep likewise observes an extending of the differing kind of wrongdoing fiction.The vehicle of a film cons olidates the suspicious, surveillant insightful eye with a dream of sentiment. It took into consideration the cross breed of a hardboiled fiction and film noir style film which mirrors the dreary skepticism of the Post-World War One time in which monetary emergency, restriction and the presence of a â€Å"gangster† black market, made an air of social rot. The film embodies the â€Å"dark underbelly of American society†, eventually delineating an ethically uncertain world that is uncertain about the certainty of justice.Various film strategies, for example, the utilization of lighting to depict a dull and shadowy world and the â€Å"oil slicked streets† and dingy city setting, mocking comments and sexual allusion inside the film, accentuation this. Be that as it may, the Hays Production Code weakens the obscurity of the hardboiled sort somewhat, turning to the utilization of code words, imagery and undertones to depict the illicit and improper. In this content, the wrongdoings introduced are a progression of riddles that make a tangled plot line-unlawful betting, extortion, medicate misuse, erotic entertainment and a few deaths.The multifaceted nature of the plot comparatively takes into consideration puzzle to connect with the responder-ready consideration is required consistently. The idea of the analyst, Philip Marlowe, the hard-drinking, ethically questionable yet additionally relatable criminologist likewise plans to deliver a strange impact. Marlowe’s foundation where he is obviously confined from the law in the wake of being terminated for â€Å"insubordination† infers his own code of qualities, enhanced by his negative mentality and fast mind. Puzzle is likewise made in the film through the activity scenes, which practically all happen around evening time, in a vibe of mist, downpour and fog, making a tight sentiment of suspense.The utilization of film noir (an advancement of the hardboiled sort) has a disdainful and rebellious position on American philosophy. The utilization of grays all through the film infers moral equivocalness as the monolinear universe of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ is derided. The shadows represent the externalization of the caught character (for instance Marlowe and his need to maintain manliness), and add to the riddle. The utilization of downpour, haze or daylight adds to the film noir and promotes Chandler’s characterisation. Sentiment in the film sabot ages from the disengagement of the criminologist in the hardboiled type. It adjusts the absence of fulfillment picked up from the film’s conclusion (Carmen isn't brought to equity, while Taylor’s demise is unanswered), in that the sexual strain

Obesity: Logic and Marion Nestle

â€Å"Obesity: Who is Responsible for Our Weight? † In the paper, â€Å"Obesity: Who Is Responsible for Our Weight? † Radley Balko clarifies his contention on heftiness; we are liable for what we eat. In general, the qualities were clear and convincing in this article. One quality in his exposition was his central matter, we are answerable for our own weight. He clarifies that we are in charge of what we expend, and the legislature ought not be liable for that. This connects with the peruser to think, should we truly accuse the legislature, or is ourselves to fault. This central matter approves all his reasoning.Another quality is his capacity to clarify why government intercession is superfluous to weight. For instance, he makes reference to that Oakland Mayor Jerry Brown is directing to have a Fat Tax on unhealthy nourishment, where nourishment cafés must rundown their fat, calories, and so on every supper. What's more, rather they ought to advance individual sense m indfulness. By and large this article had a larger number of shortcomings than qualities. Despite the fact that his side of the contention is totally evident, his thinking weren’t unmistakably itemized. For instance, Radley Balko just focused on the government’s mediation on obesity.But what ought to have followed that is the nourishment business organizations that permit this, not simply the administration. In addition to the fact that he lacked detail, yet additionally he didn’t think about the purpose of hereditary qualities. A few Americans don't get corpulent by decision, however by hereditary qualities. The individuals who are influenced by hereditary qualities might be very heart of what they eat, however it despite everything does no equity due to their qualities. This debilitated his exposition. Another shortcoming is that he concentrates a lot on the government’s intercession on heftiness; rather he ought to have recorded more motivations to why weight is an individual problem.Taken overall, the exposition was exceptionally short, and required a significant stretch of time to arrive at the point. â€Å"Are You Responsible for Your Own Weight? † I saw this as a solid, intriguing contentious exposition by Kelly Brownell and Marion Nestle. One quality identifies with the satisfaction on eye catching in their initial sentence. Brownell and Nestle advises us that the nourishment business resembles some other business: they should develop. This makes an admirable statement, and snatches the perusers considerations which prompts needing to peruse more.Mentioning the counter-contention that stoutness is a moral duty is likewise a quality. This tells the peruser that she is understanding to the contradicting contention, while making hers exceptionally understood. Another quality is the way that gives a few models why moral obligation isn’t to accuse which incorporates; heftiness is developing a seemingly endless amoun t of time after year, it’s human science for people to be pulled in to great nourishment with high calories, the default approach of advancement of eating better and practicing more has fizzled for different years, and how moral duty is a trap.Not just did they have numerous models, they had clear thinking for every model, which demonstrates they thoroughly considered their contention on stoutness. In spite of the fact that this was a solid, persuading article, there were two or three shortcomings. The primary shortcoming is the ignorance of government’s genuine job in business. In America, our strategy towards business depends carefully on the idea of Laissez Faire. Free enterprise implies permitting industry to be liberated from state intercession, particularly limitations as levies and government monopolies.This is an exceptionally known idea to numerous Americans, and this debilitates her contention. Another shortcoming is Brownell and Nestle referencing theyâ€⠄¢re mindful to moral obligation, however didn’t plainly give any thinking to that. By and large, they exposition was all around organized and scarcely had any shortcomings. The exposition â€Å"Are You Responsible for Your Own Weight? † gives an additionally convincing contention. Above all else this article was unmistakably organized, which made it simpler to peruse. The principal paper was not as simple to peruse, and not as structured.Brownell and Nestle recorded their thinking, which made their focuses understood consoling no disarray. Where as to Balko, there were scarcely any clarified focuses in his exposition, which made it difficult to follow. Likewise, Brownell and Nestle are considerably more convincing. They gave clear clarified instances of why we are by all account not the only ones answerable for stoutness while Balko had little to none instances of why we are dependable. Out and out, Marion Nestle and Kelly Brownell gave an increasingly powerful conten tion on weight and whose answerable for it than Radley Balko.

Research Assignment and Discuss Self-Driving Cars Paper - 550 Words

Research Assignment and Discuss Self-Driving Cars Paper (Research Paper Sample) Content: Self-driving carsName:Institution:Self-driving carsThere are more questions with fewer answers concerning the authorization of driverless cars especially on nature of this kind of innovation, as well as, the potential market for these types of vehicles. For an instant, it is relatively difficult to estimate the significant difference they would make in our lives and if a realistic market would emerge. Lafrance (2015) asserts the notion that technologies that are less disruptive are likely to engineer more success compared to those that are disruptive hence driverless cars can be dissected within this tenet.Araujo, Mason spring (2012) highlight the potential benefits of self-driving cars. The proponents of these technological developments usually cite the benefits as fewer accidents, more productive commutes, and fewer traffic jams. Most of the road accidents with some leading to loss of life usually emanate from driver error. The driverless cars have the potential o f reducing such cases as much as possible. Besides, it is also interesting that these cars could extend ownership to new groups of individuals such as the visually impaired. Moreover, hazards that emanate from drunk driving will be hugely eliminated to protect the road users. Lafrance (2015) adds that the insurance premium would drop to negligible levels as the number of trained individuals with skill will drop as they will not need them anymore.However, I am completely against self-driven cars. There are a lot of barriers to the growth of markets for these cars. Besides, there is no certainty that the cars will reduce road traffic. Araujo, Mason spring (2012) argue that they may lead to short journeys into city areas that are crowded. The city centers may eventually be filled with empty driverless cars that negotiate traffic jams without the site of a passenger. The transition to the future of these driverless cars has faced a lot of uncertainties. According to The Guardian (20 15), the contemporary social-technical infrastructure concerning cars with complex practical systems may change in ways that are completely unpredictable. Legal liability is another con for the use of driverless cars. The laws are often slow in coinciding with new technological hence the legality issue especially in the case of an accident may be quite challenging. In addition, it is not clear on how the software and hardware interact with the mechanical system of the cars. Araujo, Mason Spring (2012) add that there is also the issue of product liability that stems from the different manufacturers roles in assembling the system. Is it Toyota Prius enabled by Google or a Google car in case of liability?The electronics of these cars may prove to be reliable. However, there are lurking dangers such as cyber-security risks. There may be coordination and connectedness of communication from all the car's electronic systems, bu...

Joseph Smith’s Polygamy (Book Review)

Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint Church, is one of the most, and probably the most controversial religious figure of American history; and his practice of polygamy, something unheard of in all other Christian denominations, is what mainly contributed to the scandalous nature of this person and religion he founded. Brian C. Hales, although an amateur historian, has written what is likely to be the most comprehensive work on the subject: an enormous 3-volume research about 2500 pages long. Himself a member of LDS, Brian Hales has been deeply interested in the history of Mormon polygamy for a long time, but found out that there was no scientific work that would combine all that is currently known on the subject; and thus he decided to create such a book himself. As a result, we have a work based on carefully cited and well-documented sources concerning Joseph Smith and his family, with extensive footnotes that would interest those who want to check the facts. In other words, Joseph Smith’s Polygamy is very likely to become the book future researchers are going to cite when writing on the subject. At the same time, the book will not only be interesting for academic historians, but for everybody who is interested in the history of LDS and Mormon polygamy in particular. However, it is hard to recommend it to those only casually interested in Mormon history – although it is extremely well-documented and presents a very clear picture of Joseph Smith’s life, this book presupposes that you already have some understanding of the topic – enough to benefit from the new ideas introduced by Hales. In addition to that, there are summaries that would be helpful for those who want to learn the bare essentials on the subject without trudging through all the excessive footnotes, sources and fact comparisons. However, if you are not interested in a detailed study, why bother dealing with this book at all? There are other, more general historical works about Mormons that would make a better choice for beginners, like Richard Bushman’s Rough Stone Rolling. The topic of early Mormon polygamy is too complicated, confusing and misleading for an outsider to learn anything of importance from such a specialized work. Polygamy is a very sensitive subject for modern Mormons – many well-meaning members of this church find it to be the stumbling block to faith, something that is hard to accept coming from the alleged prophet of your religion. Mr. Hales does its best to tread carefully on this treacherous ground – he doesn’t assert his own opinion, instead limiting his role to presenting all the facts and alleged facts and leaving it for the reader to decide what he or she thinks about it all. This is what makes it a real historical research rather than an attempt to prove or disprove some suspicious facts of Joseph Smith’s biography. However, it is probably one of the weak points of the book as well – for some people’s taste, there is a bit too much documentation and facts and not enough research per se. Some criticists will certainly say that Joseph Smith’s Polygamy is not so much a research as a laying out of all the documents pertaining to the subject in a form readable for the majority of readers. Although Hales does have some ideas of his own – namely, the difference between ‘eternity only’ and ‘time and eternity’ sealings, some readers are likely to think that more than 2500 pages of text are a somewhat excessive way of proving a point that has a purely theological importance.

How The Nazi View Of A Women s Role During Society From...

In a comparison of how the Nazi view of a women’s role in society from the beginning of the war until 1944 it is easy to see by comparing the films La Habanera (1937) and Munchhausen (1943). In La Habanera Astrà ©e Sternhjelm will turn her back on the â€Å"Aryan† people the Swiss, by marring a Puerto Rican, Don Pedro de Avila. She will turn away but later will find that she is in a hapless marriage will want to leave her husband and return to Stockholm. Yet, being a good â€Å"Aryan† she will follow the wishes of her husband regardless of her feelings, this is a much different take on women than in Munchhausen. These tones of obey because you’re a good women were not so present. Perhaps the Nazi men came to the understanding that total control over women would probably not be achieved. Thought they can fantasize just as they did in Munchhausen with the moon women. In the creation of the last two films Munchhausen (1943) and Kolberg (1945) Goebbels was attempting to spread the Nazi ideals far beyond just the German people. He wished to attack Hollywood head on, because they had a much larger viewing audience that he wished to turn into his viewing audience. â€Å"I shall not relax until the entire European film industry belongs to us† (Rentschler 216). Kolberg (1945) one of the last films of the Third Reich, this film was intended as a Nazi propaganda piece to boost up the will of the German population to resist the Allies. The film takes place during Napoleonic Wars. Kolberg will appearShow MoreRelatedThe Liberation of Paris Essay example2220 Words   |  9 PagesThe Liberation of Paris, also referred to as the Liberation of France, took place during World War II from the 19th of August 1944 until the surrender of the occupying German army on the 25th of August. 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There are other sorts of properties that an object possesses but that do not make the object what it is. Furthermore, essentialism holds that natural things do have essences. * In the existentialist view, the problem of being must take precedence over that knowledge in philosophical investigations. Being cannot be made a subject of objective enquiry; it is revealed to individual by reflection on his own unique concrete existence in time and space.Read MoreAn Analysis of Terrorism Essay9824 Words   |  40 Pageskidnapping, hi-jacking, hostage taking and theft. All these acts have a law in the civil penal code that makes a terrorists activity a crime against society. Terrorism is also viewed as a political act against a government and it’s citizenry, secondly, it is viewed as a coercive means to change some policy through the application of violence upon society . Finally terrorism adheres to the unlawfullness of acts as a mode of political change. 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Enjoyment of Music Section Summary Essay Example For Students

Enjoyment of Music Section Summary Essay Every melody in a piece of music is different in how it moves up and down. The distance between two pitches is called an interval. The parts that make up a melody are called phrases. The climax in a melody usually represents a high point in the piece of music. In harder pieces of music there can be more than one melody playing at the same time. Melody is the basic piece of the puzzle between the person that wrote the music and listener. Rhythm is what moves music forward in time. A Meter keeps the flow of the rhythm in music organized by using patterns of rhythmic pulses. The first accented beat of each pattern is called a downbeat; measures most of the time begin with a strong downbeat. Compound meters split each beat into three instead of two. Some pieces begin with a downbeat instead of an upbeat. There are times when music has no real beat or meter you can call it non metric. Harmony tells you what is happening in the music, or togetherness of the music. Harmony is also a combination of sounds all at once. Harmony decides the relationship of intervals and chords. Chords are built from a scale, or a connected series of pitches. A scale is a specific collection of pitches put in ascending and ascending order. Most music is based on major or minor scales, which is where melody and harmony came from. In most music the first note of the scale is a base which others move around. Dissonance and consonance are the tension and release in a piece of music. An octave is an interval reaching eight notes of scale and is divided into twelve half steps. Made up of the twelve half steps is the chromatic scale, while made up on the seven whole and half steps that make up major and minor scales is a diatonic scale. A sharp raises the tone of the music by a half step, while a flat lowers it by a half step. Minestrone are intervals smaller than half steps they are the other scale types that are used around the world. Built on the first scale tone is the tonic it is where music is pulled to. Writers can move the pitch level of a whole piece or change the center of it. The interweaving of melodic lines and the harmony is the texture. The most basic texture is monophonic it is a single voice in music without instruments to back it up. Heterodyne is multiple voices singing the same melody at the same time. Polyphony explains multiple voices singing lines of music against each other. Homophony happens when one voice is dominate over the other voices, or lines. Imitation is when a melodic idea is shown in a voice, then restated in another. Rounds like row, row, row your boat is a great example of homophony. Form is what organizes the music and its basic elements are repetition, contrast, and variation. Common in songs using repeating music for each line is strophic form. Binary form and ternary form are some of the basic building blocks in music. A theme is an idea in a big piece of music and can be broken into small parts. A sequence happens when a motive is repeated at a different pitch. There is music that is made up on a whim in a performance its called improvisation. Station is repeating of a short pattern that is melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic. Big pieces of music for example symphonies and sonatas, are split into sections. Tempo is the pace of a piece of music. There are Italian terms used to describe musical tempo some of them are allegro, adagio, accelerated, and retardation. Enjoyment of Music Section 1 Summary By axillaries out tempo and dynamics in music to express it. Traits of sound are pitch, length, volume, and timbre, or tone color. .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3 , .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3 .postImageUrl , .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3 , .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3:hover , .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3:visited , .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3:active { border:0!important; } .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3:active , .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3 .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5cdcb95c6ae39b93c60f69bccd0597e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music and Concert Essay ThesisAn instrument creates vibrations and sends them onto the air. The human voice can be put into categories of different ranges, like soprano and alto for women, and tenor and bass for men. Specialist have come up with a way to classify instruments on the way they sound. The four instrument families are strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion. String instruments use bows and plucking to make sound. Examples of strings that use bows are violin, and viola. Harp and guitar are examples of strings that are plucked. Woodwind instruments use a column of vibrating air to create sound. Some examples of woodwinds are the flute, and clarinet. Brass instruments use the column of air and tightly stretched lips to create sound. Some examples of brass are the trumpet, and the tuba. Percussion instruments are used to intensify the rhythm. When you play the keys on a piano its strings are hit with hammers that they control. Pianos dont fit well in the classification system. A chapel singing is singing without music. Music for small groups is chamber, with one player for each part of the piece. Normal chamber groups have string quartets, woodwind quintets, and brass quintets. Orchestras today have about eighty to one hundred players. Large orchestra groups normally use a conductor who uses a baton to help the players keep the same tempo. Music is used in so many different ways around the world. Most cultures use music for religious practice. There are many different styles of music. The specific group that performs a piece is the medium. There is some music that isnt written down but it is learned by word of mouth. The specific parts of any artwork make up its style. A musical style is created by an artist taking the time to make the music there own. Styles of artwork are put into historical periods, all of them with their own characteristics.

Infectious Disease Research Paper Anthrax free essay sample

Typically spread from humans to livestock and can be transmitted via air, soil, animal hides, and food. The dormant spores of Anthrax can live in soil and animal products, such as hides (leather) for years and it is not easy to kill by heat or cold. Once spores are eaten by livestock, they are activated very quickly, and the bacteria then reproduces. The animal typically dies and the bacteria is returned to the soil and water as spores. Diagnosis typically requires the element of suspicion for a physician to diagnose anthrax. Diagnosis begins with culturing the bacterium and performing a gram stain. A motility test and the lack of hemolysis on blood agar can also be used to diagnose anthrax. The main virulence factors are it’s polypeptide capsule and what is referred to as a tripartite toxin which is composed of three separate proteins. One protein is called edema factor the second protein is protective antigen, and the third is lethal factor which causes massive inflammation and shock. We will write a custom essay sample on Infectious Disease Research Paper Anthrax or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is a vaccine that contains live spores and a toxoid prepared from a special strain of B anthracis used to protect livestock in areas of high anthrax cases. There is also a purified toxoid that is recommended for humans that have frequent contact with livestock or animal products that could potentially carry the bacteria. The preferred treatment for anthrax is antibiotics such as penicillin, doxycycline, or ciproflaxin. Anthrax has become one of the popular choices for use as a biological warfare agent. Reasons for this would be because the spores of Bacillus anthracis can remain dangerous for many decades. Other than the use of anthrax in bioterrorism, the occurrence of anthrax is rare and occurs most frequently in developing countries with high agriculture concentration and without veterinary public health programs. Works Cited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human

Essay on Children should not be spanked in order to discipline them for a negative behaviorEssay Writing Service

Essay on Children should not be spanked in order to discipline them for a negative behaviorEssay Writing Service Essay on Children should not be spanked in order to discipline them for a negative behavior Essay on Children should not be spanked in order to discipline them for a negative behaviorThe permissibility of spanking children is a widely disputed question both among the general public and among researchers. In the past, spanking was viewed as one of the methods of disciplining children and making them aware of the negative consequences of their actions. However, the protection of human rights and the movement against violence which is emerging worldwide led to the enactment of laws against corporal punishment in many countries. Furthermore, the convention of the United Nations prohibits using any types of physical violence towards children. At the same time, it is important to distinguish between spanking and other cases of physical punishment. Spanking can be defined as hitting a child with an open hand on the buttocks or extremities with the intent to discipline without leaving a bruise or causing physical harm (Kazdin Benjet 99). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the viewpoints of the supporters and opponents of spanking. Key thesis of this paper is the following: children should not be spanked in order to discipline them for a negative behavior because spanking has negative consequences for their future development and mental health.Spanking in any form still represents an act of aggression directed towards the child and executed by the parent or by the person who is responsible for the childs behavior. Such behavior of a person who plays an important role in the childs life and who is often perceived as a role model by the child is likely to have a negative impact on the childs self-esteem, on the relationships with parents, etc. Spanking might undermine the basic trust to the world which is being formed in the early age. The researchers studied the impact of spanking on childs behaviors and developmental outcomes and found a large number of negative consequences for children. It was determined that spanking correlates with such negative outc omes as lower quality of relationships between parents and children, poorer mental health, lower internalization of morals, increased risk of antisocial behaviors, aggressive behaviors and delinquency (Kazdin Benjet 101).Spanking is likely to increase the childs stubbornness and therefore lead to more spanking needed in future to make the child pay attention to corporal punishment and to cause the desired behavior. Maguire-Jack, Gromoske and Berger (1961) studied the impact of spanking in early age (up to 3 years old) on childs behavior and development between 3 and 5 years old. Their findings were the following: spanking children at age 1 led to elevated levels of spanking at age 3 and caused externalizing behaviors at this age; spanking at age 3 led to the increase of externalizing and internalizing behaviors at age 5. Although the authors did not identify a relationship between cognitive skills and spanking, they found out that spanking children at age 1 caused behavioral proble ms at age 5, largely due to increased spanking at age 3 (Maguire-Jack, Gromoske and Berger 1960). Hence, spanking is a self-reinforcing issue which causes behavioral problems and starts a negative cycle of interactions between child and his or her parents.The supporters of spanking state that spanking allows to achieve immediate compliance of the child and helps to make the child aware that something very inappropriate was done. However, when parent-child relationships are healthy, there are other, less aggressive ways of making the child aware of wrong behaviors. Such methods might require more time and patience, but they do not have such long-term negative consequences as spanking. Certainly, there are various factors which influence the childs perception of spanking and determine the impact of spanking on the childs well-being. The supporters of spanking emphasize that it is necessary to distinguish between mild and occasional spanking used in extreme situations and more harsh an d frequent spanking which might indeed contribute to aggression. However, it was already shown that spanking at age 1 is strongly correlated with more spanking at age 3, which means that the childs sensitivity to spanking might reduce over time, and those parents who are prone to use spanking as a means of punishment might unintentionally move to more harsh spanking. Such dynamics of spanking illustrates that it is better to adopt other methods of managing inappropriate behaviors from the start than risk damaging the childs mental health and behavior by spanking.In general, research evidence clearly illustrates that spanking is a very risky parenting strategy which might have a negative impact on the childs behaviors, perceptions and on parent-child relationships. Moreover, people who were spanked in the childhood are more likely to become the victims of aggression in their adult life. Therefore, spanking children in order to discipline them for inappropriate behavior is inadmissibl e and it should be banned. It is difficult to convince parents to stop spanking because of two key reasons: parents are not aware of long-term negative consequences that spanking might have on the childs health and do not have alternative strategies of punishing for inappropriate behavior. It is important to educate parents about the consequences of spanking and to show alternative strategies to them. Possible alternative strategies include creating a calm down area for children, offering problem-solving scenarios for children in situations where they demonstrate improper behaviors, taking away some privileges for a particular period of time, organizing time-in when the parent stays with the child outside the situation, etc (Maguire-Jack, Gromoske and Berger 1972). Praising appropriate behaviors and discussing the consequences of misbehaviors for other people as well as their feelings also helps to avoid difficult situations in the future.

The Concept of Human Resource Management Assignment

The Concept of Human Resource Management - Assignment Example All these careers relate to the training, developing and managing an aspect of the labor force in an organization. They cater to an extensive application of all the theories and aspects of the human resource knowledge in a broader aspect. Many organizations require a good personal, professional and academic profile in order to recruit people for the position of any skilled job in management designation. For less skilled job or fresh graduates with less or no experience, initial level jobs are offered. On the other hand, those candidates, who possess more experience and have the great qualification, are normally offered managerial level jobs in the human resource field. In this case, the Training and development Specialists are required to have basic knowledge of HR, a bachelor’s degree in the required field, and diplomas or certificates in the fields of training and developing the people. This is also performed by the individuals who are specialists in the field of managing people. Compensation and benefits in this designation are on an average level, while the job may be on a contractual basis only. Compensation and Benefits Manager is the position of a senior or managerial level. This position requires a Master’s degree in the relevant field, an acquaintance of candidates with the subject of accountancy and finance, and a good amount of long experience. The candidates with extra qualification and certificates are usually preferred for this post. The compensation and benefits may vary from organization to organization; however, the managers are normally given higher salary packages and good non-cash benefits too. These include car, cell phones, laptops, and other things.

Desire satisfaction theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Desire satisfaction theory - Essay Example It gives weight on the present action time and can cause tension with previous desires and cause regrets in the long run (Shafer-Landau, The ethical life, 2014). It is important to note that pleasure and pain are often inside people’s heads. Thus, the well being of individuals consists in the satisfaction of the people’s preferences and desires. The most important part of desire satisfaction is the overall level of desire achieved in the entire life of an individual. The more desire satisfaction an individual has in his life, the better for them. It is important to note, however, that we desire things because they have independent good on us and not that they are good because they will ultimately satisfy our desire for them. Objective theory of human life suggests things that has items that are neither useful in pleasurable experience or in satisfaction of our desires. For instance, we can consider either knowledge or even friendship. This theory suggests that we take what is self sufficient according to us, as what makes life worthy of any choice and lacking nothing. If, for instance, an individual views that well-being is only existent in friendship and pleasure, another individual can dispute this by showing that knowledge is also something that enables the well-being of individuals. To determine what goes into this list, it is important to rely on reflective judgment or intuition. This makes the theory less satisfactory compared to the other two theories. It is clear from this theory that intuition does not rule out argument. Argument brings individuals to see the truth. Intuitions can also be mistaken thus proving to be a strong defense line for hedonists. The most convincing theories of the three is the hedonism theory. It state that individuals always acts in pursuit of what their minds think will give them the greatest pleasure over pain. Human beings, in this theory, have been given two choices

Disney World Essay Example for Free

Disney World Essay Looking out the window of the airplane as we landed in Orlando, Florida, I felt anticipation, excitement, and exhaustion. It was July 2003 and we were on a family vacation to Walt Disney World. The plane had departed from Philadelphia International Airport at 8 a.m. My parents slept soundly and my younger brother and sister were so excited because like me, it was their first trip to Disney World as well, that they couldn’t even sit still on the plane. Soon, we would all be experiencing the thrill of the Magic Kingdom. My siblings could barely contain their enthusiasm as we drove in our rented Ford minivan to the hotel. After freshening up at the hotel, all five of us climbed into the minivan and headed to Walt Disney World. After maneuvering through a maze of on ramps and off ramps, we were finally at the Magic Kingdom. By the time we were actually inside the theme park, it was lunch time so we decided to eat first before going on our adventures. We were told there were some very nice restaurants outside the Magic Kingdom, a boat ride away; but since my siblings and I were so eager to go on the rides, my parents decided to go with fast food within the theme park. The greatest disappointment of the day was the missing rides. Hannahs favorite ride is Alice in Wonderland; she can and has ridden it ten times in a row at Disneyland. It doesnt exist at the Magic Kingdom. Megans favorite Disneyland ride was also absent, Roger Rabbits Cartoon spin. After all the anticipation, to have the two rides which mattered most to the twins missing, was quite a let down. We couldnt find Indiana Jones or Star Tours, either, so Bill asked an employee about the missing rides. It turns out, you can experience those movie type rides at Disneys MGM studios, for a separate admission price. We were stunned. Bill and I found our mounting discontent compounded by the physical discomfort we felt standing in lines in 90-degree temperatures with 90% humidity. Disneyland with its California location has dry, comfortable weather most of the year. Disneyland is also blessed with a wonderful sea breeze during the hot summers. The Magic Kingdom is located inland with muggy, hot conditions year round. We felt the Magic Kingdom was a waste of time and money. Disneyland is far superior to the Magic Kingdom. I think it was insulting to the customers to charge more in admission than Disneyland and offer significantly less in the form of entertainment. I felt Disney management was greedy. The kids did enjoy themselves, but we adults left the theme park feeling ripped off. As a general rule we never take the kids to Disneyland more than once a year. But so much was missing from the Magic Kingdom Experience; we took them three months later to Disneyland and had a great time. On the first day in Disney World, my dad and I went on all of the Mountain rides like Splash Mountain, Thunder Mountain, and Space Mountain. My favorite was Space Mountain because the ride is inside, and there are no lights so you cannot see at all. I also won a stuffed dog at a game stand.

Solutions to Sustain Freshwater Essay -- Water Scarcity Environment

Would it be possible for humans to live without water? The answer is no because fifty percent of water is inside human bodies. In other words, water supports human lives, so every person is supposed to drink at least two litres of water everyday because it predominantly prevents them from being dehydrated. In terms of being the priceless resource, water is used in many fields such as agriculture, industry, business and so on. All preliminary products are comprised of water. Due to the abundance of water, most people seem not to be concerned about the way they consume this crucial resource. For example, in some countries, there are no dirty water treatment systems practising, and everyone can use water as much as they can as the price of water is cheap, too. However, in some countries, they lack water to access regularly and need to do trade with others in exchange for water. Also, Rogers (2008) notes, â€Å"that the problem is well-known makes it no less disturbing: today one out of six people, more than a billion, suffer inadequate access to safe freshwater† (As in New Delhi, para.3). There is no limit of the use of freshwater between one country to another, and it depends on the place people live. Even though there is a lot of freshwater available on the earth, we, people, should be worried about the proper water consumption. In order to thwart the water crisis from occurring one day, we should reverse our trend of using water by desalinating seawater, recycling waste water and reducing the unnecessary demand of water. The first solution to deal with the problem of water scarcity is to desalinate seawater. Getting freshwater from the sea is taken into account because seawater is much more than freshwater in reality. As Villiers (19... ...hwater is vital for humans to survive, but they should be more concerned about the problems of water scarcity that can happen in the future. Everyone should start to adapt these solutions such as desalinating seawater, recycling waste water and reducing water demands in order to maximize the fact that there is still the abundance of freshwater to use in a long time. Works Cited Reimold, R. J. (1998). Watershed Management: Practice, Policies, and Coordination. NY: R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company. Rogers, P. (2008, August). Facing the Freshwater Crisis. Retrieved November 19, 2009, from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=facing-the-freshwater-crisis&page=5 Thomson, S. A. (1999). Water Use, Management, and Planning in the United States. Toronto: ACADEMIC PRESS. Valliers, M. D. (1999). Water. San Diego: Stoddart Publishing Co. Limited.

Discrimination Model of Supervision Essay

School counseling is a complex and demanding component of the counseling profession. With an increase of social and emotional stressors, children and youth of today face numerous challenges. These challenges ultimately affect children in school. With an increase of suicides, drug abuse, gang involvement, and violence amongst youth, a high demand for school counseling supervision is needed (Henderson, 1994). Parents and teachers often turn to school counselors for guidance in helping troubled youth. Effective supervision is a benefit for novice as well as experienced school counselors. However, there is a lack of supervision in school counseling in comparison to clinical counseling (Wood & Rayle, 2006). Duties of school counselors have increasingly become much more vast due to cost reduction in education, retirement, increase in student enrollment, and an increase in societal issues such as the economic recession. Many novice and experienced school counselors are facing many more problems in the schools today than ever before. The lack of qualified supervision provided to school counselors force those in the profession to rely on self judgment, consultation, and having ethical knowledge about certain situations that may arise (Henderson, 1994). A study conducted by Wiggins (1993) found â€Å"more than 28% of the total group of experienced counselor participants were independently rated as low in effectiveness, 10 years previously, they were still rated in that manner and still employed as counselors† (p. 382). This study reinforced the urgency in the need for supervision for school counselors. If an effective supervision model was put in place, surely after 10 years, an improvement in performance by these experienced counselors would have been documented. According Herlihy and Corey (1996), the ACA Code of Ethics stated school  counselors have a responsibility to monitor their effectiveness, seeking supervision when appropriate. Despite this mandate, an enormous majority of professional school counselors are not involved in any clinical supervision once they are employed as a school counselor. Luke and Bernard (2006) proposed â€Å"using a 3 (focus of supervision) x 3 (supervisor role) x 4 (CSCP domain) matrix for an effective school counseling supervision model which is described as an extension of Bernard’s (1979, 1997) Discrimination Model† (p. 283). The discrimination model was initially created as a teaching model for use with apprentice supervisors. It is a theoretical model and is based on technical eclecticism. The discrimination model focuses on three separate foci of the supervisee’s competence: intervention skills; conceptualization skills; and personalization skills. Three supervisory roles are also a focus: teacher, counselor and consultant (Ladany & Bradley, 2010). The school counselor model of supervision with the discrimination model is the chosen model employed for my school counselor supervision practice. Intervention, conceptualization, and personalization skills are the three identified areas of focus (Ladany & Bradley, 2010). Intervention skills are the observable counselor behaviors and activities that the supervisee utilizes in the counseling relationship. Such skills are described as everything from a simple head nod, greeting of the client, to how the supervisee utilizes empathy and other counseling skills. The next area of focus, conceptualization skills include the counselor’s ability to choose an appropriate intervention, to make sense of what a client is presenting, to find and organize client themes, and to establish process and outcome goals. Finally, personalization skills are observed by the supervisor and focus on the individuality of the supervisee. Personalization skills include the personal style and chosen theoretical approach to counseling by the trainee, which includes personality, cultural background, countertransference, and the connection with clients served (Ladany & Bradley, 2010). Although some conceptualization and personalization skills may be observed directly, they are more often interpreted by the supervisor and initially require discourse between counselor and supervisor to become clear (Luke & Bernard, 2006). The supervisor’s roles consist of three areas of focal point. They include that of a teacher, counselor, and consultant. The role of a teacher by the supervisor includes the supervisor providing instruction, modeling, giving feedback, and conducting evaluation to assist the trainee in developing growth (Ladany & Bradley, 2010). The supervisor employing the role of a counselor involves the supervisor asking supervisees to reflect on an activity, on their thoughts, or on their internal reality. When supervisors adopt this role, they are not telling supervisees how to proceed; rather, they are assisting the supervisee to take advantage of a critical moment for reflection (Luke & Bernard, 2006). Lastly the supervisor serves as a consultant. In this role the supervisor and supervisee collaborate and share responsibility for the supervisee’s growth. The supervisor acts as a resource and encourages the supervisee to trust their own thoughts, insights, and feelings in their work (Luke & Bernard, 2006). The extension of the discrimination model to better adapt to the needs of school counseling supervision incorporates four domains: large group guidance; responsive counseling and consultation; individual advisement; and programmatic planning, coordination, and evaluation, also known as systems support (Gysbers & Henderson, 2001). These four domains are identified by the American School Counselor Association as the key components of an effective comprehensive school counseling program. Implementation of the discrimination model of supervision begins with the incorporation of the four domains of the comprehensive school counseling program. First, the supervisor identifies which of the four domains or a combination of domains will be the focus of supervision. When examining the three major areas of focus of the discrimination model, an additional set of skills are reviewed as it relates to intervention, conceptualization, and personalization skills (Luke & Bernard, 2006). When observing the use of intervention skills in counseling and consultation; classroom guidance skills, conduction of a needs assessment, and the ability to coordinate initiatives for staff would be additional focus during supervision. Similarly, conceptualization skills would include the supervisee’s  understanding of the relationship among various activities conducted by school counselors, planning a school wide function, deciding which components would be most helpful for a career day, developing a plan for evaluation of services, and choosing a developmentally appropriate classroom intervention. Finally, supervisee personalization skills would include how novice school counselors conduct themselves in a variety of contexts that is not limited to just individual counseling, such as leading large groups and asserting themselves in advocacy situations (Luke & Bernard, 2006). The implementation of the discrimination model of supervision in a school setting for novice school counselors mirrors the same frame work that is used for supervising clinical work but extends the focus of supervision to include the intervention, conceptualization, and personalization skills that relate directly to the four dimensions of a successful comprehensive school counseling program. Supervisors’ roles also expand using the discrimination model of supervision in school counseling. Supervisors use the four dimensions of the comprehensive school counseling program to assist with the development in particular skills not only in counseling interventions but also in advising sessions and negotiations with parents and school administrators. Supervisors assist supervisees in reflections and feelings about district-sponsored mandated programs and how these thoughts and feelings impact their performance (Luke & Bernard, 2006). Supervisors utilize all roles as teacher, counselor, and consultant and may need to change focus depending on the intervention and skills being developed. In conclusion, this extension of the discrimination model of supervision for school counselors prove to provide beneficial guidance and assistance to novice school counselor professionals. This model of supervision helps to combine the counseling and therapy focus seen mostly in clinical supervision with the requirements of school counseling skills needed to operate an effective comprehensive school counseling program. References Gysbers, N. & Henderson, P. (2001). Comprehensive guidance and counseling programs: A rich history and a bright future. Professional School Counseling, 4, 246-256. Henderson, P. (1994). Supervision of school counselors. ERIC Digest. Retrieved from ERIC Database. (ED372353). Herlihy, B. & Corey, G. (1996). ACA ethical standards casebook 5th ed. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association. Ladany, N. & Bradley, L. (2010). Counselor supervision 4th ed. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Luke, M. & Bernard, J. (2006). The school counseling supervision model: An extension of the discrimination model. Counselor Education and Supervision, 46(4), 282-295. Wiggins, J. D. (1993). A 10-year follow-up of counselors rated high, average, or low in effectiveness. The School Counselor, 40, 380-383. Wood, C. & Rayle, A. (2006). A model of school counseling supervision: The goals, functions, roles, and systems model. Counselor Education & Supervision, 45(4), 253-266.

The Drinking Age Should Be Lowered - 2353 Words

Drinking Age Over the years the drinking age or the drinking laws have been questioned and changed many times. For a few years now more recently question being, should the drinking age be lowered to eighteen? Or why shouldn’t it? In the United States, binge drinking has been a big problem. Its one of the top causes for traffic tragedies as well as other health issues that come along with it, especially among college students. However since the drinking age has changed from being 18 to 21 there has not been a change and or a decrease in deaths due to drunk driving accidents, suicide, homicide or delinquency. The drinking age should be lowered to eighteen because in the United States, eighteen is the age of adulthood and your mature enough to make these kinds of decisions. After fourteen years of the national Prohibition, it finally came to an end in 1933, meaning you had to be twenty-one to buy or consume alcohol at this time. In 1972 Iowa lowered there drinking age to nineteen after decades of it being the same post prohibition. A year later Iowa lowers there drinking age once again down to eighteen years old, and also businesses are allowed the sales of alcohol on Sundays. Once again Iowa decides to rise their drinking age eight years later to nineteen years old, but allowing individuals born on or before June 30, 1960 to be grandfathered in. And lastly on July 1, 1986, Iowa’s legal drinking age is raised to twenty-one and remains until this day today due to PresidentShow MoreRelatedShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered?995 Words   |  4 Pages Should the legal drinking age be lowered to age 18? Recently people have been debating whether If the drinking age should be lowered to 18. Some people think 18 is a better age but others think it’s outrageous to lower the drinking age to 18. After much reading and observing, I myself think the drinking age should be kept at 21 years old,because young adults who drink while they re underage make po or decisions and majority of the young adults are in college lacking in classes. The legal drinkingRead MoreShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered?853 Words   |  4 Pagesactivities around their friends to feel like they are a part of the team. Many people often wonder if the court of law stepped in and changed the age of drinking would this help the case of underage drinking. This proposed law would lower the drinking age to make the teenagers less rebellious and allow them to feel more like adults. If the drinking age were to be lowered then teenagers would feel as if they didn’t have to drink every day because they wouldn’t have to wonder when this opportunity will happenRead MoreShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered?875 Words   |  4 Pages Should the Drinking Age Be Lowered? Should the legal drinking age be lowered to age 18? Recently people have been debating whether If the drinking age should be lowered to 18. Some people think 18 is a better age but others think it’s outrageous to lower the drinking age to 18. After much reading and observing, I myself think the drinking age should be kept at 21 years old,because young adults who drink while they re underage make poor decisions and majority of the young adults are in collegeRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered1135 Words   |  5 Pages In today’s society, underage drinking is seen all around us. It is in TV shows, movies, schools, and even in our own communities. Although it may be understood as something we are not supposed to do, many of these shows do not depict the real issues that can come from drinking under age. While only 11% of the alcohol sold in America is consumed by those under the age of twenty-one, it is still a horrific, nationwide problem. Alc ohol is a drug that can make you do things you would neverRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered1705 Words   |  7 Pagespassed The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 which enforces the legal drinking age and purchasing of alcohol in the United States to be twenty-one. Since then, the debated idea of whether or not the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen has been an ongoing topic for decades. Alcoholism affects many people in the United States but promoting it at such young age would not be such a great idea for the youths in today’s society.The drinking age should not be lowered due to the fact that itRead MoreShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered? Essay2027 Words   |  9 PagesShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered? One of the major problems today in United States society is the amount of people in college who are drinking while underage. Every day on college campuses we see rebellious young adults disobey the law and drink alcohol under the age of 21. How would things be different if the drinking age was lowered? Would college students abuse it or is it a good idea? Many people believe the drinking age should be kept where it is now based on statistics. I feel the drinkingRead MoreShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered?994 Words   |  4 PagesShould the Drinking Age Be Lowered? Approximately 2 out of every 3 high school students have drank to the point of getting intoxicated (binge drink), in more than one occasion (Centers for Disease and Control Prevention [CDC], n.d.). Binge drinking has become increasingly common for youth under the minimum legal drinking age, making it increasingly dangerous because of the lack of supervision that young adults have that can consequently, lead to death because of fear of the law (Bonnie O’ConnellRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered1639 Words   |  7 PagesMost people would concur that alcohol should not be given to teenagers. Despite the fact that we concede to this essential truth, underage drinking is still a noteworthy issue in our nation. Since adolescents need development and information with regards to liquor, they put themselves, as well as others in incredible danger when they decide to consume. Regardless of the risk, there are individuals out there who believe that the drinking age should be lowered. However, their argument is weak, andRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1599 Words   |  7 Pagesmany years is whether the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen years old, as opposed to where it is now, at twenty one. Some argue that at age eighteen, a person is legally an adult and able to go to war, vote, and partake in other adult activities. If they are an adult at this age, why are they unable to legally drink alcohol? There are numerous reasons why drinking is unsafe for those under twenty one. The drinking age is set at age twenty one for a reason, and should stay that way. Some statesRead MoreDrinking Age Should Be Lowered1039 Words   |  5 Pages2017 Drinking age is already dangerous as is In recent discussions of the drinking age limit, people have always said that the drinking age limit should be lowered. Some may argue that alcohol is not bad and that it can actually be beneficially. Many people would want the drinking age limit to be lowered so that it is legal for young adults to drink. If the drinking age limit were to be lowered there would be a drastic difference in society. In my perspective I will argue that the drinking age limit